Integrating Human Factors into Safety Culture: A Strategic Framework to Reduce Accidents in Saudi Arabian Construction Sites achieving Vision 2030

The Saudi construction industry remains among the most hazardous despite recent progress under Vision 2030. This study develops an evidence-based framework for integrating human factors into safety culture and policy to reduce accidents. We analyze 86 archived accident reports from Saudi construction firms and conduct semi?structured interviews (n=23) and a survey (n=150) of industry professionals. Key findings indicate that carelessness, lack of training/awareness, and unsafe conditions are the top causes of accident. Migrant workers, who comprise almost 76% of the private-sector workforce, suffer disproportionately higher injury rates than locals. Extreme heat and cultural?language barriers further elevate risks. The results underscore the need for targeted training (in native languages), robust supervision, and organizational commitment to safety. We propose a multi?level strategic framework that aligns with Saudi Vision 2030 by embedding safety into individual, task, organizational, and regulatory domains. Recommendations include establishing a national OSH authority, ISO 45001 adoption, and sustained investment in worker training and participation. This work contributes to construction ergonomics literature and offers actionable guidance for safety management in the Middle East.

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